Passives and other constructions

Passives

We assume that only accusative objects can be promoted to subject in passives (as in Modern German). If the equivalent active sentence has no accusative object that can be promoted to subject, the subject of the passive is *exp*. Any non-subject argument in the passive retains the grammatical function of its equivalent active sentence (in both these examples, the sole object of the active sentence is a dative or genitive object, resp.):

( (IP-MAT-CONJ (CONJ vnd=und)
	       (NP-SBJ *con*)                <- acc. OB1 promoted to subj.
	       (NP-OB2 (PRO^D^SG jm=er))          <- dat. obj. remains OB2
	       (RDDI^3^SG warde=werden)
	       (ADVP (ADV zuo=zu) (ADV uilmalen=vielmalen))
	       (PP (P für=für)
		   (NP (PRO$^A^PL seine=sein) (N^A^PL wolthaten=wohltat)))
	       (ADVP (ADV fast=fast) (ADV übel=übel))
	       (VBN gelont=lohnen)          <- takes acc. OB1 and dat. OB2
	       (, /=/))
  (ID 1556_Nachbarn_Lit-prose_Alsace.,40))

... (CP-THT (C das)
            (IP-SUB (NP-SBJ *exp*)               <- no acc. obj. to promote
                    (PP (ADV+P dardurch))
                    (NP-OB1 (PRO$ jrer)            <- gen. obj. remains OB1
                            (ADJ eigen)
                            (N (N ehr) (, /) (CONJ vnd) (N nuotz)))
                    (, /)
                    (NEG nicht)
                    (VBN vergessen)               <- takes only a gen. obj.
                    (RDPS^3^SG werde)))))))))))))))))))))
      (, /)))
  (ID 1537_JungeFursten_Politics_Cologne.,212))