See the guide to the treatment of particular words. Unless otherwise noted, we have largely followed the guidance of CHLG or HeliPaD, when available.

Distinguishing pre-verbal adverbs (or other parts of speech) from separable prefixes/particles can be tricky. Our rule of thumb is to see if the historical dictionaries treat a collocation as a prefix. On this criterion, einsteigen is a verb (RP+VB einsteigen) while hinein steigen is not: (ADVP (ADV hinein)) (VB steigen).

• A single foreign word does not get a FOREIGN phrase but is simply housed in the phrase representing its function in the clause. A group of foreign words, unless a date, is dominated by FOREIGN (with no internal parsing), which is dominated by the phrase representing its function:
  (NP (NUM^D^PL tzelff) (N^D^PL Epte)
     (NP-POS (FOREIGN (FW priores) (Conuentales)))
  We do not morphologically tag foreign words.
  
• Foreign names, incl. place names, are not FW but NPR; even closed class items such as prepositions are NPR if not German:
  ... (NP-SMC (NPR^A^SG Eilga) (NPR^A^SG de) (NPR^A^SG Madera))    'Ilha de Madeira'
  
• Similarly, book titles are treated as NPR: (NP-SBJ(NPR^N^SG de)(NPR^N^SG recta)(NPR^N^SG in)(NPR^N^SG Deum)(NPR^N^SG fide))
• Nouns or other words that are a person's title are treated as part of the name:
  (NP-SBJ (NPR^N^SG Graf) (NPR^N^SG Friedrich))
(NP-SBJ (NPR^N^SG Phillip) (NPR^N^SG K.))
(NP-SBJ (NPR^N^SG Karl) (NPR^N^SG II))
  unless there is a determiner or other function word, in which case treat as apposition or modifier:
  (NP-SBJ (D^N^SG der) (N^N^SG Graf) (NP-PRN (NPR^N^SG Fridrich))
(NP-SBJ (NPR^N^SG Phillip) (PP (P von) (NP (NPR^D^SG Kastilien))))
(NP-SBJ (NPR^N^SG Karl) (NP-PRN (D der) (NUM II.)))
  Note in the above that German close-class items that are part of a name get a POS tag and the appropriate syntactic structure.
• Offices/titles like König, Frau, Herr, etc. are common nouns when not used as a person's name but proper nouns if used as a title (note variant tagging of Graf above).
• The titles Sankt and Heilig are ADJ: (NP-SBJ (ADJ^N^SG S.) (NPR^N^SG Elisabeth)).
• We follow Penn in tagging the following as NPR: Persons, places, days of the week, months of the year, holidays, groups of people (nationalities, ethnicities, and adherents of a religion).