Treatment of foreign words, names, and idioms

This page is a guide to the treatment of certain phrases, including foreign words and proper nouns, ... . In some cases where a phrase has grammaticalized over time, we have to choose between treating the words as in the source construction or as in the resulting idiom.

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• A single foreign word does not get a FOREIGN phrase but is simply housed in the phrase representing its function in the clause. A group of foreign words is dominated by FOREIGN (with no internal parsing), which is dominated by the phrase representing its function:
  (NP (NUM^D^PL tzelff) (N^D^PL Epte)
     (NP-POS (FOREIGN (FW priores) (Conuentales)))
  We do not morphologically tag foreign words.
  
• Foreign names, incl. place names, are not FW but NPR; even closed class items such as prepositions are NPR:
  ... (N^A^SG Insel)  (RRC (NP-SMC (NPR^A^S
G Eilga) (NPR^A^SG de) (NPR^A^SG Madera))(VBN genant)) )    
• Similarly, book titles are treated as NPR: (NP-SBJ(NPR^N^SG de)(NPR^N^SG recta)(NPR^N^SG in)(NPR^N^SG Deum)(NPR^N^SG fide))
• Nouns that are a person's title are treated as part of the name (NP-SBJ (NPR^N^SG Graf) (NPR^N^SG Friedrich)) unless there is a determiner (NP-SBJ (D^N^SG der) (N^N^SG Graf) (NP-PRN (NPR^N^SG Fridrich)).
• The titles Sankt and Heilig are ADJ: (NP-SBJ (ADJ^N^SG S.) (NPR^N^SG Elisabeth)).

A

• ...

• ...
• circumpositions: see double prepositions.
  

• # Meilen davon: treat as if there’s a null adverb or adjective akin to weg (as in PPHCE):
  • Adverbial:
    ... wir kamen ... (ADVP (NP-MSR (ONE Acht) (N meil)) (PP (ADV+P daruon)) ...   (ID 1557_Staden_Historia_Hesse.,162)
  • Adjectival:
    ... welches (ADJP-PRD (NP-MSR (NUM fünff) (N meil)) (PP (P von) (NP (NPR S.) (NPR Tuual)))) ist. (ID 1557_Staden_Historia_Hesse.,101)
• der ich/du relatives: treat the personal pronoun as resumptive:
  (CP-REL (WNP-SBJ-1 (D der)) (C 0) (IP-SUB (NP-SBJ *T*-1) (NP-SBJ-RSP (PRO du)) (BEPI bist) (NP-PRD (D das) (N Licht)) )
• In PPs with double prepositions or supposed circumpositions, treat the additional 'preposition' etymologically when possible (here we follow CHLG more than HeliPaD):
  • Treat words that are plausibly adverbs (hin, her, gegenüber, etc.) as ADV within PP, especially when these follow the object: 
    (PP (P vmb)(NP (D die) (N insel)) (ADV her)) ;
    (PP (P von) (NP (N Anfang)) (ADV an))
  • Treat um...willen and von...wegen as if willen/wegen is the object of P with a possessive modifier:
    (PP (P um) (NP (NP-POS (D der) (N manheyt)) (N willen))) ;
    (PP (P van) (NP (PRO$ vnsen)(N wegen)))
  • Assume two Ps if each word can't be considered anything but a P(bis zu, unz auf):
    (PP (P biß)(P an) (NP (D den) (ADJ sechsten) (N man)))
    

• ...

• X genant or genannt X: a reduced relative clause, and the object of nennen is NP-SMC: 
  (NP (D eyn) (N Herr) (RRC (VBN genant) (NP-SMC (NPR Hans))))
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• ein Zeit lang:  treat as if it lang is postposed adjective:
  (NP-TMP (ONE eyn) (N zeit) (ADJ lang)) 
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• was etwas betrifft/angeht/anbelangt: a CP-CAR

• # Meilen weg: treat as ADVP or ADJP (depending on what it modifies; see adverbial vs adjectival examples below) with the number of miles an NP-MSR:
  (ADVP (NP-MSR (ONE Acht) (N meil)) (ADV weg)) 
• wie dem(auch sei) 'as the case may be / irregardless': 
  • (CP-ADV (C wie) (IP-SUB (NP-SBJ *exp*) (NP-OB1 (D^D^AG dem) (ADVP (ADV auch)) (BEPS^3^SG sei) ))
  • (CP-ADV (C wie) (IPX-SUB (NP-OB1 (D^D^AG dem) ))
• wie gesagt: unless this is a longer comparative clause, a (comparative) PP with participle complement: (PP (P wie) (ADVP (VBN gesagt)) )
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• (PP (NP (INDPRO^D^SG jemand) (P (P21 zu) (P22 Ehren))
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